Explanation 23x23 magic square

The 23x23 magic square is odd and a prime number. To construct a 23x23 magic square use the same methods to construct a 5x5, 7x7, 11x11, 13x13, 17x17 and 19x19 magic square. Most perfect magic 23x23 square is panmagic and symmetric.

For more detailed explanation see the 5x5 magic square.

Construction methods

The methods to construct an 23x23 magic square are:

• Diagonal method
• Siamese method
• Knight movement method
• Symmetric transformation
• Lozenge method
• Shift method
• Ultra magic
• Ultra 21x21 in 23x23 (1)
• Ultra 21x21 in 23x23 (2)
• Concentric
• Concentric with diamond

With the first five methods you can construct simple, symmetric 23x23 magic squares.

Use the shift method to construct panmagic 23x23 squares.

The ultra magic 23x23 square is panmagic and symmetric.

Concentric [with diamond] and ultra 21x21 in 23x23 are specials.