In 2004 Donald Morris discovered (see website http://www.bestfranklinsquares.com/mcm2) the basic key method. The basic key is a 2 x n [n = multiple of 4] magic rectangle. You can use the method to construct magic squares which are a multiple of 4.
See the
basic key to construct a 28x28 most perfect (Franklin pan)magic square:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
Take care that the sum of each column is the highest + lowest number from 1 up to 28 (28 + 1 =) 29.
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
Copy the two rows to fill the 28x28 square completely.
Take 1x number from first grid
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
1 | 2 | 28 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 24 | 23 | 7 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 |
28 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 21 | 7 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 |
+ 28x [number -/- 1] from second grid (= reflection of first grid)
1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 |
2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 |
28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 28 | 1 |
27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 27 | 2 |
3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 |
4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 |
26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 | 26 | 3 |
25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 25 | 4 |
5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 |
6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 |
24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 |
23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 | 23 | 6 |
7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 |
8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 |
22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 | 22 | 7 |
21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 | 21 | 8 |
9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 |
10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 |
20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 9 |
19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 19 | 10 |
11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 |
12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 |
18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 11 |
17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 12 |
13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 |
14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 |
16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 |
15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 14 |
= Most perfect 28x28 magic grid
1 | 758 | 28 | 783 | 3 | 760 | 26 | 781 | 5 | 762 | 24 | 779 | 7 | 764 | 22 | 777 | 9 | 766 | 20 | 775 | 11 | 768 | 18 | 773 | 13 | 770 | 16 | 771 |
56 | 755 | 29 | 730 | 54 | 753 | 31 | 732 | 52 | 751 | 33 | 734 | 50 | 749 | 35 | 736 | 48 | 747 | 37 | 738 | 46 | 745 | 39 | 740 | 44 | 743 | 41 | 742 |
757 | 2 | 784 | 27 | 759 | 4 | 782 | 25 | 761 | 6 | 780 | 23 | 763 | 8 | 778 | 21 | 765 | 10 | 776 | 19 | 767 | 12 | 774 | 17 | 769 | 14 | 772 | 15 |
756 | 55 | 729 | 30 | 754 | 53 | 731 | 32 | 752 | 51 | 733 | 34 | 750 | 49 | 735 | 36 | 748 | 47 | 737 | 38 | 746 | 45 | 739 | 40 | 744 | 43 | 741 | 42 |
57 | 702 | 84 | 727 | 59 | 704 | 82 | 725 | 61 | 706 | 80 | 723 | 63 | 708 | 78 | 721 | 65 | 710 | 76 | 719 | 67 | 712 | 74 | 717 | 69 | 714 | 72 | 715 |
112 | 699 | 85 | 674 | 110 | 697 | 87 | 676 | 108 | 695 | 89 | 678 | 106 | 693 | 91 | 680 | 104 | 691 | 93 | 682 | 102 | 689 | 95 | 684 | 100 | 687 | 97 | 686 |
701 | 58 | 728 | 83 | 703 | 60 | 726 | 81 | 705 | 62 | 724 | 79 | 707 | 64 | 722 | 77 | 709 | 66 | 720 | 75 | 711 | 68 | 718 | 73 | 713 | 70 | 716 | 71 |
700 | 111 | 673 | 86 | 698 | 109 | 675 | 88 | 696 | 107 | 677 | 90 | 694 | 105 | 679 | 92 | 692 | 103 | 681 | 94 | 690 | 101 | 683 | 96 | 688 | 99 | 685 | 98 |
113 | 646 | 140 | 671 | 115 | 648 | 138 | 669 | 117 | 650 | 136 | 667 | 119 | 652 | 134 | 665 | 121 | 654 | 132 | 663 | 123 | 656 | 130 | 661 | 125 | 658 | 128 | 659 |
168 | 643 | 141 | 618 | 166 | 641 | 143 | 620 | 164 | 639 | 145 | 622 | 162 | 637 | 147 | 624 | 160 | 635 | 149 | 626 | 158 | 633 | 151 | 628 | 156 | 631 | 153 | 630 |
645 | 114 | 672 | 139 | 647 | 116 | 670 | 137 | 649 | 118 | 668 | 135 | 651 | 120 | 666 | 133 | 653 | 122 | 664 | 131 | 655 | 124 | 662 | 129 | 657 | 126 | 660 | 127 |
644 | 167 | 617 | 142 | 642 | 165 | 619 | 144 | 640 | 163 | 621 | 146 | 638 | 161 | 623 | 148 | 636 | 159 | 625 | 150 | 634 | 157 | 627 | 152 | 632 | 155 | 629 | 154 |
169 | 590 | 196 | 615 | 171 | 592 | 194 | 613 | 173 | 594 | 192 | 611 | 175 | 596 | 190 | 609 | 177 | 598 | 188 | 607 | 179 | 600 | 186 | 605 | 181 | 602 | 184 | 603 |
224 | 587 | 197 | 562 | 222 | 585 | 199 | 564 | 220 | 583 | 201 | 566 | 218 | 581 | 203 | 568 | 216 | 579 | 205 | 570 | 214 | 577 | 207 | 572 | 212 | 575 | 209 | 574 |
589 | 170 | 616 | 195 | 591 | 172 | 614 | 193 | 593 | 174 | 612 | 191 | 595 | 176 | 610 | 189 | 597 | 178 | 608 | 187 | 599 | 180 | 606 | 185 | 601 | 182 | 604 | 183 |
588 | 223 | 561 | 198 | 586 | 221 | 563 | 200 | 584 | 219 | 565 | 202 | 582 | 217 | 567 | 204 | 580 | 215 | 569 | 206 | 578 | 213 | 571 | 208 | 576 | 211 | 573 | 210 |
225 | 534 | 252 | 559 | 227 | 536 | 250 | 557 | 229 | 538 | 248 | 555 | 231 | 540 | 246 | 553 | 233 | 542 | 244 | 551 | 235 | 544 | 242 | 549 | 237 | 546 | 240 | 547 |
280 | 531 | 253 | 506 | 278 | 529 | 255 | 508 | 276 | 527 | 257 | 510 | 274 | 525 | 259 | 512 | 272 | 523 | 261 | 514 | 270 | 521 | 263 | 516 | 268 | 519 | 265 | 518 |
533 | 226 | 560 | 251 | 535 | 228 | 558 | 249 | 537 | 230 | 556 | 247 | 539 | 232 | 554 | 245 | 541 | 234 | 552 | 243 | 543 | 236 | 550 | 241 | 545 | 238 | 548 | 239 |
532 | 279 | 505 | 254 | 530 | 277 | 507 | 256 | 528 | 275 | 509 | 258 | 526 | 273 | 511 | 260 | 524 | 271 | 513 | 262 | 522 | 269 | 515 | 264 | 520 | 267 | 517 | 266 |
281 | 478 | 308 | 503 | 283 | 480 | 306 | 501 | 285 | 482 | 304 | 499 | 287 | 484 | 302 | 497 | 289 | 486 | 300 | 495 | 291 | 488 | 298 | 493 | 293 | 490 | 296 | 491 |
336 | 475 | 309 | 450 | 334 | 473 | 311 | 452 | 332 | 471 | 313 | 454 | 330 | 469 | 315 | 456 | 328 | 467 | 317 | 458 | 326 | 465 | 319 | 460 | 324 | 463 | 321 | 462 |
477 | 282 | 504 | 307 | 479 | 284 | 502 | 305 | 481 | 286 | 500 | 303 | 483 | 288 | 498 | 301 | 485 | 290 | 496 | 299 | 487 | 292 | 494 | 297 | 489 | 294 | 492 | 295 |
476 | 335 | 449 | 310 | 474 | 333 | 451 | 312 | 472 | 331 | 453 | 314 | 470 | 329 | 455 | 316 | 468 | 327 | 457 | 318 | 466 | 325 | 459 | 320 | 464 | 323 | 461 | 322 |
337 | 422 | 364 | 447 | 339 | 424 | 362 | 445 | 341 | 426 | 360 | 443 | 343 | 428 | 358 | 441 | 345 | 430 | 356 | 439 | 347 | 432 | 354 | 437 | 349 | 434 | 352 | 435 |
392 | 419 | 365 | 394 | 390 | 417 | 367 | 396 | 388 | 415 | 369 | 398 | 386 | 413 | 371 | 400 | 384 | 411 | 373 | 402 | 382 | 409 | 375 | 404 | 380 | 407 | 377 | 406 |
421 | 338 | 448 | 363 | 423 | 340 | 446 | 361 | 425 | 342 | 444 | 359 | 427 | 344 | 442 | 357 | 429 | 346 | 440 | 355 | 431 | 348 | 438 | 353 | 433 | 350 | 436 | 351 |
420 | 391 | 393 | 366 | 418 | 389 | 395 | 368 | 416 | 387 | 397 | 370 | 414 | 385 | 399 | 372 | 412 | 383 | 401 | 374 | 410 | 381 | 403 | 376 | 408 | 379 | 405 | 378 |
Use this method to construct most perfect magic squares of order is multiple of 4 from 4x4 to infinity. See 4x4, 8x8, 12x12, 16x16, 20x20, 24x24, 28x28, 32x32