Explanation of the 4x4 (pan)magic square

Learn about the 12 different structures of the 4x4 magic square and learn everything about the panmagic 4x4 square (= structure 1).

Construction methods

The construction methods of the 4x4 magic square are:

• Symmetric transformation
• Most perfect transformation
• 3 basic panmagic 4x4 squares (shift/rotation/mirroring)
• Sudoku method
• Basic key method
• Binairy grids (= 0 and 1)
• Concentric (start)
• Each magic sum
• Magic birthday square
• Water retention

If you know the 3 basic squares or the binairy grids, you can construct all 4x4 panmagic squares (= full scope).

The basic key method is the easiest method to construct most perfect magic squares which are a multiple of 4 (= 4x4, 8x8, 12x12, ... magic squares).

The (symmetric) 4x4 magic square is the inlay of the 4x4 in 6x6 in 8x8 in ... concentric magic square